Computer storage devices browse and record data coded as magnetized spots on a medium that represent a binary code - a series of digits consisted of the numbers 1 and 0. A magnetized drive head floating just above the surface of the medium scans and writes data to the disk. To be able to record data, electrical charges that create a certain magnetic pattern on the covering of the magnetically sensitive platform are sent through the head. To read data, the same head does the opposite, converting spots of magnetic patterns into electrical impulses that export to a device that makes the data usable to humans, such as a PC screen. The information can be kept indefinitely, or erased and restored with new magnetic spots.
The two main kinds of magnetic storage devices are hard disk drives and magnetic tape machines. Magnetic tape solutions such as a tape library write, get and save data on multiple tape cartridges. Currently, the most sophisticated format of tape cartridges is the Ultrium Linear Tape Open, or LTO. As of 2010, the 5th generation is the most advanced, or LTO-5 tape technology. These tape tape units can read and write at a rate of 15 to 20 MB per second local data and can store more than 100 gigabytes of data.
The benefit of magnetic tape storage is that massive quantities of info can be stored in a fairly compact space. For example, some tape library models such as Quantum Scalar's i6000 tape library can save over 5,500 terabytes of data. Moreover, tape devices have always been the quickest and preferred method of reading and writing large quantities of data. The downside of tape systems, on the other hand, is that the tape must be read from one end to the other in order to get and save info. For this reason, magnetic tape is most often used to copy, or backup, huge amounts of data saved on a network or mainframe system (or for other purposes in which stored data can be eventually accessed). An autoloader or autochanger is a common tape drive device used to keep mass data on several tape cartridges; tape libraries are basically larger versions of autoloaders. In 2001 approximately 705,700 magnetic tape storage components were shipped by U.S. producers, valued at around $1.9 billion.
A hard disk magnetic storage device resembles a pile of small metal plates that turn at a constant speed. Somewhere between each plate, a magnetic head is positioned on an arm that sweeps across the disk's surface. Each plate is covered on both sides with a magnetically sensitive compound on which a head can read or write info. Every bit of information stored on the disks is accessible by the heads every time the stack spins.
The benefit of hard drives is that they can quickly retrieve information nonsequentially due to the magnetic head's ability to move quickly and freely throughout the entire surface of the disk. Furthermore, since they are compact, they make great storage devices for microcomputers. Disk drives with greater capacities are commonly used in workstations, minicomputers, local area networks (LANs), and mainframes. Hard drives for bigger computer systems are mostly 14-inch, 10-inch, or 8-inch drives. Microcomputers usually have 5.25-inch, 3.5-inch, 2.5-inch, or 1.8-inch drives. Smaller disks usually hold one to two megabytes of info.
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